The Pillow Book and Cinema as Hybridity

In many ways, The Pillow Book can be read as a paradigm of hybrid movie making:

• The film works almost like an opera or theater performance done with digital and film techniques for representing historical and present "film time" narratives simultaneously.

• Greenaway sees cinema as the ultimate mixing platform: using film as a conceptual medium, he mixes all genres, and he he keeps the "high-tech" and "low tech" techniques visible in the film.

• Multiple narratives, interweaving history, memory, past and present cultural and sexual identities

• Use of digital editing, "picture in picture," multiple narrative frames to cut across time, points of view, memory, and simultaneous camera views of story

• Shock value of nudity on the edges of eroticism and de-sexualization-- more male nudity than female in the film.

• Conventions of black and white and color for symbolic associations

• Text, writing, inscribed body, and image combined with cinema and moving image

• Traditional, historical and contemporary music encode the images and visual narrative

• The cultural meanings of the male and female body, and the use of the body as a signifying vehicle: both the nude body as it signifies in culture, the sexualized body, the de-sexualized body, and the body as a surface for writing, encoding messages.

• Writing on the body becomes erotic, seduction, a personal fetish, a complex message, and a means of revenge.

• Writing on the body as seduction becomes means of revenge against the homosexual publisher: seen to have betrayed Nagiko's father and taken her current lover, Jerome. Calligraphy on the body as lover's revenge.

• Search for calligrapher-lover is quest for ultimate sexual relationship. Gender reversals in who is writing and who is written upon: who has more power--the writer or the one using the body to seduce and be written upon?

• Resonates with our deepest cultural metaphors about body, soul, writing as externalized speech and mind, "the word became flesh."